Presence, distribution and physiological function of adrenergic and muscarinic receptor subtypes in the human heart

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system play a powerful role in controlling cardiac function by activating adrenergic and muscarinic receptors. In the human heart there exist α₁-, β₁- and β₂-adrenoceptors and M₂-muscarinic receptors and possibly also (prejunctional) α₂-adrenoceptors. β₁- and β₂-adrenoceptors are quite evenly distributed in the human heart while M₂-receptors are heterogeneously distributed (more receptors in atria than in ventricles). Stimulation of β₁- and β₂-adrenoceptors causes increases in heart rate and force of contraction while stimulation of M₂-receptors decreases heart rate (directly in atria) and force of contraction (indirectly in ventricles). Pathological situations (such as heart failure) or pharmacological interventions (for example, β-blocker treatment) can alter the distribution of β₁- and β₂-adrenoceptors in the human heart, while M₂-receptors are only marginally affected. On the other hand, relatively little is known on distribution and functional role of α₁- and α₂-adrenoceptor subtypes in the human heart. Received: 23 March 2001, Returned for revision: 25 May 2001, Revision received: 16 July 2001, Accepted: 21 August 2001     

颈前区器官的应用解剖研究

目的观察颈前区器官与血管和神经的毗邻关系,为临床手术提供解剖学依据。方法在18例36侧成人头颈标本上解剖观测喉、气管颈部和甲状腺的血管和神经的走行及分布。结果甲状腺左、右叶平均长度为48．9±8．8mm和49．9±7．9mm．锥状叶者8例,占44．4％;1例出现甲状腺最下动脉（出现率5．6％）．2例出现甲状腺最下静脉（出现率11．1％）;喉上动脉人喉处在甲状软骨上角的前下方左侧为13．94±2．79mm,右侧为14．93±2．58mm,差异有统计学意义;喉上神经内支人喉处在甲状软骨上角前下方左侧为11．78±3．44mm,右侧为12．26±2．66mm;喉下神经在甲状软骨下角后下人喉,距离甲状软骨下角左侧5．34±1．61mm,右侧5．72±1．74mm,差异有统计学意义。结论手术时应注意这一区域血管神经走行情况,防止并发症的发生。     

广西南部沿海地区居民人芽囊原虫感染情况调查

目的了解广西南部沿海地区居民人芽囊原虫的感染情况。方法随机抽样调查11个自然村,以户为单位分别收集家庭各成员粪便标本,采用改良酸醚沉淀法镜检。结果在该地区的11个村抽检1 366人,粪检样品1 366份,阳性360份,人群感染率26.35%。11个村的感染率在5.13%~44.72%之间;感染率年龄分布以0~9岁最高,为34.79%,40~49岁最低,为12.93%;职业分布以学龄前儿童感染率最高,为40.80%,农民感染率最低,为21.19%。结论广西南部沿海地区居民人芽囊原虫感染率较高,地区、年龄和职业差异明显,且有家庭聚集现象。     

广西横县门诊及住院患者华支睾吸虫感染情况分析

对2008年1月~2009年1月来横县人民医院门诊及住院患者进行华支睾吸虫感染情况调查。共粪检14 363例,华支睾吸虫虫卵阳性3 172例,阳性率22.08%。华支睾吸虫感染率男性为34.39%(3078/8813),女性为1.69%(94/5550),男性显著高于女性(P<0.01);感染率以41~50岁年龄者为最高,为36.15%(736/2036);有食生鱼史者感染率(53.54%)显著高于无食生鱼史者(0.27%)(P<0.01)。广西横县华支睾吸虫感染率高,居民喜食生鱼是主要原因。     

广西壮族自治区消除疟疾的有利因素、面临的挑战及应对措施

该文主要就20世纪50年代以来广西疟疾流行情况、传播媒介、控制措施、防治取得的成就、消除疟疾的有利因素和面临的挑战进行综述,广西疟疾防治成就显著,从1954-2009年,疟疾发病率从296.7/万降至0.01/10万,病例占法定传染病报告总数的比例从70%降至0.1%.2008-2010年全自治区仅在2个县(市、区)检...     

不同年龄段壮族健康人群外周血细胞参数检测结果分析

目的：探讨百色地区壮族健康青年、老年人群外周血细胞各项参数的差异。方法对2012年9月至2013年10月于右江民族医学院附属医院体检的1712例壮族健康青年和老年人外周血细胞参数检测结果进行回顾性分析。结果老年男性和青年男性之间,红细胞计数（RBC）、血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞平均体积（MCV）、红细胞平均血红蛋白含量（MCH）、血细胞比容（HCT）比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;老年女性与青年女女性之间, RBC、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;老年男性与老年女性之间,RBC、Hb、MCV、MCH、MCHC、血小板比容（PCT）、HCT 比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;青年男性与青年女性之间, RBC、Hb、MCV、MCH、血小板（PLT）、PCT、HCT比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论不同性别和年龄的百色地区壮族健康者外周血细胞部分参数存在明显差异,有必要根据年龄和性别建立适合本地群人群的血细胞参数参考区间。     

中药经方配合壮医药线点灸治疗脾虚型胃脘痛

目的 :探讨中药经方配合壮医药线点灸治疗脾虚型胃脘痛 (胃、十二指肠溃疡 )的临床疗效。方法 :将75例患者随机分为两组 ,治疗组 4 5例 ,采用中药经验方加壮医药线点灸 ;对照组 30例 ,用法莫替丁、灭滴灵治疗。结果 :治疗组临床症状和溃疡治疗总有效率为 95 .5 % ,对照组为 83.3% ;6个月后溃疡复发率治疗组 10 .0 % ,对照组 5 6 .7% ;治疗组临床症状改善和溃疡治疗总有效率均高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,6个月后溃疡复发率治疗组明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :中药经方配合壮医药线点灸治疗脾虚型胃脘痛疗效好 ,复发率低。     

Hospital and community surveys reveal the severe public health problem and socio-economic impact of human echinococcosis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China

A comprehensive study of human echinococcosis (caused by Echinococcus granulosus or E. multilocularis), including assessment of hospital records, community surveys and patient follow-up, was conducted in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR), China. In contrast to hospital records that showed 96% of echinococcosis cases were caused by cystic echinococcosis (CE), 56% of cases detected in active community surveys were caused by alveolar echinococcosis (AE). The AE and CE cases co-existed frequently in the same village, even occurring in the same patient. A serious public health problem caused by echinococcosis was evident in southern NHAR, typified by: a long diagnostic history for both AE and CE (7.5 years) compared with a shorter treatment history (4.7 years); a significant mortality rate (39%) caused by AE in one surveyed village, where patients had no previous access to treatment; family aggregation of CE and AE cases; a high proportion of both AE (62.5%) and CE (58%) in females; a high rate of recurrent surgery (30%) for CE demonstrated by surgical records; and frequent symptomatic recurrences (51%) because of discontinuous or sporadic access to chemotherapy for AE. The disease burden for both human AE and CE is thus very severe among these rural communities in NHAR, and this study provides the first attempt to determine the costs of morbidity and surgical intervention of human CE and AE cases both at the hospital and community level in this setting. This information may be useful for assessing the cost effectiveness of designing effective public health programs to control echinococcosis in this and other endemic areas in China and elsewhere.     

HLA-DQA1基因与广西地区壮族、汉族2型糖尿病关联性研究

目的　研究HLA DQA1基因与广西地区壮族、汉族 2型糖尿病 (DM )的关联。方法　采用聚合酶链反应 序列特异性引物 (PCR SSP)技术 ,分别对广西 67例壮族和 72例汉族 2型DM及 69例壮族、65例汉族正常对照的HLA DQA1位点进行基因分型。结果　壮族 2型DM组DQA1 0 3 0 1、DQA1 0 40 1等位基因频率显著高于壮族对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1,RR =4.69和P <0 .0 0 1,RR =7.5 5 ) ,汉族 2型DM组DQA1 0 10 4等位基因频率明显高于正常汉族对照组 (P =0 .0 0 1,RR =6.5 1) ;DQA1 0 60 1在壮族 2型DM组明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1,RR =0 .14 ) ,DQA1 0 40 1等位基因频率在汉族 2型DM组明显低于汉族对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1,RR =0 .2 9)。结论　DQA1 0 40 1、DQA1 0 3 0 1可能是广西壮族 2型DM的易感基因 ,而DQA1 0 10 4可能为汉族 2型DM的易感基因 ;DQA1 0 60 1可能是壮族 2型DM的保护基因 ,DQA1 0 40 1则可能是汉族 2型DM的保护基因     

抗环子孢子蛋白保守II+区单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的　获得针对恶性疟原虫环子孢子蛋白 (CSP)保守II⁺ 区 (RegionII⁺ )的单克隆抗体。　方法　采用恶性疟原虫保守II⁺ 区十二肽 (EWSPCSVTCGNG)免疫BALB/c小鼠 ,经融合 ,ELISA 3次筛选 ,获得 3株分泌针对保守II⁺ 区单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。　结果　ELISA检测结果显示单抗能与重组表达的恶性疟原虫CSP片段及天然CSP特异性反应。间接荧光抗体检测显示 ,单抗不仅能识别恶性疟原虫子孢子 ,也能识别约氏疟原虫子孢子。　结论　成功地获得了针对恶性疟原虫CSP保守II⁺ 区的单克隆抗体。